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Studium in analysi compositorum organicorum volatilium (VOCs) in aere exhalato super praeteritum duo decennia crevit.Incerta adhuc existunt circa ordinationem sampling et num compositorum organicorum indoor aere volatilis aer exhalatus mixtorum organicarum curvarum volatilium afficit.Assident indoor aere volatilium organicum compositorum in exercitatione spiritus sampling situs in ambitu valetudinariorum et determinare si haec compositio halitus afficit.Secundum propositum erat investigare fluctuationes quotidianas in materia compositorum organicorum volatilium in umbraticis aeris.Aeris tectis in quinque locis mane et post meridiem utens sampling sentinam ac desorptionem thermarum (TD) colligebatur.TD fistulae per chromatographiam gasorum evolutae cum spectrometriae massae temporis fugae coniunctae sunt (GC-TOF-MS).Spirae separationem secundum situm non ostenderunt, suggerentes sampling in diversis locis fieri sine effectibus afficientibus.
Composita organica volatilia (VOCs) sunt compositiones carbonis fundatae quae gaseae ad cella temperiem habent et sunt extrema producta plurium processuum endogenorum et exogenorum.Ad decennia, investigatores VOCs studuerunt ob suas potentias partes tamquam non-invasive biomarkers morborum humanorum.Nihilominus dubitatio manet circa normas normas collectionis et analysi exemplorum respirationis.
In MMX, lectus Ion flow Missam spectrometriam (STIM-MS) cum solebat studere gradus septem volatile organicum componit in tres orci occasus.Alia campester of volatile organicum componit in environment sunt identified in tres regiones, quae rursus provisum ductu in facultatem late volatile organicum componit in umbraticis aere utendum est morbus biomarkers.quaerebant demonstrabo effectus mutationes in umbraticis aer compositionem in spiritu analysis ut pars eorum studium ad assess ad diagnostic facultatem exhalata aer in esophageal cancer7.Using a ferro counterlung et cribrari-Ms per sampling, ut identified octo volatile organicum componit in umbraticis aere quod varia significantly per sampling locus.Sed haec vocs non includitur in novissimis Spiritus voc diagnostic exemplar, ita eorum ictum est negata.Ad Monitor Voc campester in tres hospitalium ad XXVII mensibus.Et identified XVII vocs quod temporis discriminators et suggesserant, quod alata voc concentratione super discrimine gradu in III μg / m3 sunt considerari unlikely secundarium ad background voce muscillulae.
Praeter gradus liminum vel exogenosas compositiones prorsus excludentes, alterutrum ad tollendam hanc inflexionem variationem includunt colligentes binas mansiones aeris exempla simul cum aere sampling exhalati, ut quaelibet VOCs gradus ad altas concentrationes in cella respirabili determinari possit.Aer 9 e gradu subtrahitur ad "gradientem alveolarem" praebendam.Gradivus positivus ergo indicat praesentiam Compositi endogenii 10. Alia methodus est pro participantibus "purificatum" aerem attrahere, qui theoretice pollutantium expers est.Sed hoc gravia, tempus consumens, et ipsum instrumentum generat additional VOC scelerisque.In MMXIV, participantes aerem syntheticum spirandi reduci 39 VOCs, sed augentur 29 VOCs comparati ad respirationem aerem ambientium.Usus synthetici/purificati aeris etiam graviter limitat apparatum portabilitatem spiritus sampling.
Ambientes VOC gradus etiam per diem variare expectantur, quae ulteriorem normaizationem et subtilitatem respirationis sampling afficiunt.
Praecipuum propositum huius studii erat ut varias compositorum organicarum volatilium gradus in aere ambiente in intimis locis communibus sampling in ambitu valetudinario statuere et quomodo hic affectus aeris sampling exhalatus est.Secundarium propositum erat statuere num variationes diurnae vel geographicae notabiles essent in distributione VOCs in aere ambiente.
Specimina respirationis, ac specimina aereorum sub tectis respondentium, mane collecta sunt e quinque diversis locis et cum GC-TOF-MS enucleata.A summa 113 VOCs e chromatogrammo detectae et extractae sunt.Mensurae iteratae cum medio convolutae sunt antequam analysis principalis componentis PCA (PCA) de areis cacuminis extractis et normalizatis fiebat ad cognoscendum et removendum manor. Analysis procurata per quadrata minima partialia-analysin discriminans (PLS-DA) tunc manifestam separationem inter spiritus et cubiculi aeri exempla monstrare poterat (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p < 0.001) (Fig. 1). Analysis procurata per quadrata minima partialia-analysin discriminans (PLS-DA) tunc manifestam separationem inter spiritus et cubiculi aeri exempla monstrare poterat (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p < 0.001) (Fig. 1). Затем контрчнолируемый частрчногого Помощьющмнчногого Санощьриминананананананананананоменьшх квадоменьшх квадратов (pis-da) смог показать четкое разделение меду образцами дыАния и комнатного воздуха (R2y = 0,97, q2y = 0,96, p <0,001) (рис. I). —判别分析(PLS-DA) R2Y = 0.97，Q2Y = 0.96，p < 0.001）（图1）。(PLS-DA) q2y = 0.96 p <0.001） 1）。 . онтролируемый анализ с помощью частичного дискриминантного анализа етодом наименьших квадратов (PLSадратов) кое разделение ежду образцами дыхания и воздуха в помещении (R2Y = 0,97, Q2Y = 0,96, p <0,001) (рис. 1). Analysis moderata cum quadratis partialibus minimis analysi discretis (PLS-DA) tunc manifestam separationem inter spiritus et exemplaria aeri umbratica ostendere poterat (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p < 0.001) (Figura 1). Societas separatio ab 62 diversis VOCs agitata est, cum proiectione momenti variabilis (VIP) score > 1. Integrum album VOCs characterisingorum speciei cuiusque generis et eorum respectivorum VIP pereuntis in Tabula Supplementaria inveniri potest 1 . Societas separatio ab 62 diversis VOCs agitata est, cum proiectione momenti variabilis (VIP) score > 1. Integrum album VOCs characterisingorum speciei cuiusque generis et eorum respectivorum VIP pereuntis in Tabula Supplementaria inveniri potest 1 . азделение на группы ло обусловлено 62 различными VOC с оценкой проекции переменной важности (VIP, )> 1. алиными VOC с оценкой проекции переменной важности (VIP, )> 1. алиными их каждый тип образца, и их соответствующие оценки VIP ожно найти в дополнительной таблице 1'. Conjunctio ab 62 different VOCs cum variabili momenti proiectione (VIP) score > 1. A completa index VOCs characterising cujusque generis specimen et eorum respectivorum VIP pereuntis in Accessione Tabulae 1 inveniri potest. азделение рупп было обусловлено 62 различными ЛОС с оценкой проекции переменной важности (VIP) >1.
Analysis praefecti cum PLS-DA manifestam separationem ostendit inter respirationem et cubiculum aeris VOCs profiles mane collectas (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p < 0.001). Analysis praefecti cum PLS-DA manifestam separationem ostendit inter respirationem et cubiculum aeris VOCs profiles mane collectas (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p < 0.001). PLS-DA analysis moderata manifestam separationem ostendit inter aerem exhalatum et sub tectis organicis profiles compositorum volatilium mane collectis (R2Y=0.97, Q2Y=0.96, p<0.001). Analysis moderata utens PLS-DA manifestam separationem declaravit per profile VOC respirationis et aeris inclusionis mane collectae (R2Y=0.97, Q2Y=0.96, p<0.001).
одель выявила начительное разделение ежду двумя временными точками (R2Y = 0,46, Q2Y = 0,22, p <0,001) (рис. 2). одель выявила начительное разделение ежду двумя временными точками (R2Y = 0,46, Q2Y = 0,22, p <0,001) (рис. 2). Это было обусловлено наличием 47 летучих органических соединений с оценкой VIP > 1. ЛОС с самой высокой оценкой VIP, характеризующей утренние образцы, включали несколько разветвленных алканов, щавелевую кислоту и гексакозан, в то время как дневные образцы содержали больше 1-пропанола, фенола, пропановой кислоты, II-метил-, II-этил-III-гидроксигексиловый ээир, изопрен и нонаналь.
Significatur analysis cum pls-da ostendit separationem inter umbraticis aere exempla colleged mane et post meridiem (R2y = 0.46, q2y = 0.22, p <0.001).
Exemplaria sunt ex quinque diversis locis in Sancti Mary scriptor hospitium in London: et Endoscopy locus, a orci investigationis locus, quod operating locus universa, an outpatient et massa spectrometrica Laboratory.Nostrum investigationis quadrigis regularly utitur his locis ad patientes estote cooptatione et spiritus collection.Sicut prius, UMBRICATOR Aeris colligitur mane et post meridiem et exhalata aeris exempla collegerunt in mane. PCA revelatur separationem locus aeris aeris exempla per location per permutational multivariate analysis de dissident (Permanova, R2 = 0.16, p <0.001) (Fig. 3a). PCA Подчерклл локальную сегрегого воздуха Помнатного воздуха Помощь Перестановочного многого Анализа (per Manova, R2 = 0,16, p <0,001), (рис. 3а). PCA illustratur loci segregationem de aere samples per permutational multivariate analysis de dissident (Permanova, R2 = 0.16, p <0.001) (Fig. 3a). Omnes exempla erant significant et vocs cum VIP score> I sunt extrahitur respective loading to identify coetus conlationem. Omnes exempla erant significant et vocs cum VIP score> I sunt extrahitur respective loading to identify coetus conlationem. Все модели были зос с Осеенчччнн>>> с соответствущей соотвой доределения груовового вклаелеления Груповового вклаелеления групововдго вклаелеления Груповового вклаелеления Груповового А. Omnes exempla erant significant, et vocs cum VIP score> I sunt extrahitur cum oportet loading ut determinare coetus conlationem.所有 模型 均 显着, VIP 评分> I 的 VOM 被 提取 并 分别 以 识别 组 贡献. Все модели были значимыми, и VOC с баллАми Vip> I были извлечены зАгуеены отдельно для вкладов груповховыховыховыховыховыховыховы вкладов. Omnes exempla erant significant et vocs cum VIP scores> I sunt extrahitur et uploaded seorsum determinare coetus contributions.Nostra results ostendere quod ambiens aer compositionem variatur in loco, et nos habere identified locum, specifica features usura exemplar consensus.Unitas endoscopia per gradus altos undecane, dodecane, benzonitrile et benzaldehyde insignitur.A list of agreed VOCs sharing each position can be found in Supplementary Table 3. In addition, a univariate analysis was performed for each VOC of interest, and all positions were compared against each other using a pairwise Wilcoxon test followed by a Benjamini-Hochberg correction . Кроме того, Парные бакжл были также были Созданы между Всеми Созными местоположени2яяяяццццххя Существенныхрныхв зличий Выявлено не было (P> 0,05). 此外, 在 呼吸 样本 的 所有 不同 位置 之间 也 生成 成 对 pis-da 模型, 但 未 发现 显着 差异 (P> 0.05). Pis-da 模型, 但 未 发现 显着 差异 (P> 0.05).
Separatio aerem involucris in omnibus quinque locis variis speciminibus observatum est.In the field of endoscopy evaluation, separation-inducing volatile organic compounds are mainly monoterpenes such as beta-pinene and alkanes such as dodecane, undecane and tridecane, which are commonly found in essential oils commonly used in cleaning products 13. Considering the frequency cleaning endoscopic strophas, hae VOCs verisimile sunt ex processibus purgandis crebris in tectis processuum.In complexu operante conclavi, VOC subscriptio maxime consistit alkanum ramosarum.Haec compositio ex instrumentis chirurgicis obtineri potest, prout sunt pinguia oleis et lubricants14.In chirurgicam occasum, typical vocs includit a range of alcohols: I-nonanol, in vegetabili olea et Purgato products, et benzyl alcohol, in unguibus et loci anesthetic.15,16.17.17 multum differt ab exspectatione in aliis locis sicut hoc est solum area non-orci aestimanda.), Orthoxylene, meta-Xylene, isopropanol et III-carene), inter aromaticum hydrocarbonum et alcohols.Quidam ex his vocs potest esse secundarium ut chemicals in officinarum, quae est de septem Missam spectrometriam systems operating in TD et liquidum iniectio modi.
Pis-da, fortis separationem umbraticis caeli et spiritus exempla attenditur a LXII de CXIII deprehenditur vocs.In chemicals in aere caeli sunt mixtisque endogenous et exogenous vocs.Endogenous vocs consistat maxime ramosis alkanes, quae sunt byproducts Lipidorum Pouroxidation23 et Isoprenene, a byproduct of Cholesterol synthesis24.Exogenous vocs includit Monotenenes ut beta-Pinene et D-limonene, quod potest esse reducere ad Citri essential oils (etiam late in Purgato products) et cibum preservatives13,25.I-propanol potest esse aut endogenous, inde ex naufragii de amino acida, aut exogenous, praesentem in disinfectants26.Comparari ad spirandi umbraticis aere, superiora campester of volatile organicum componit sunt inventa, quidam de quibus non est identified quam possibile morbus biomarkers.Ethilabenzene est ostensum est potentiale biomarker pro multis respiratoriorum morbo, inter pulmone cancer, copd27 et pulmonis fibrosis28.Comparari ad aegris sine pulmone cancer, campester of n-Dodecane et Xylene etiam inventa ad superiora concentrationes in aegris cum pulmone cancer29 et metactions in aegris cum activae ulcerative colititis30.
Discessio etiam facta est inter specimina aereorum umbraticorum collecta mane et post meridiem.Praecipua exempla matutina sunt alkanes ramosae, quae saepe exogenose in purgandis fructibus et increscentibus inveniuntur.Hoc explicari potest ex eo quod omnes quattuor conclavia clinica in hoc studio inclusa ante cubiculum aeris sampling mundatae sunt.Omnes areas clinicae diversis VOCs separatae sunt, ideo haec separatio purgationi tribui non potest.Haec includit sumptionem potionum et ciborum 33,34 et varios gradus exercitationis 35,36 ante respirationem sampling.
Voc analysis manet in fronte non-Psidium diagnostic development.In hoc studio, argumenta compositorum organicorum volatilium in ambiente aereo ambiente pendere ostendimus a situ et tempore diei.Praelatio datur ad multiplices sites et collectiones specimina duplicandas per longiora temporis spatia.Hoc hortatur ad investigationes analysin respirandas sicut potentialem confusionem removet in standardisation de respirationis notitia collectionis.Antea feliciter in multis studiis usae sunt, singulae investigationes disciplinares inceptae.Nihilominus, ulterius analysis requiritur ut firmas conclusiones concludamus.Exercitatio indoor aere sampling adhuc commendatur, cum spiritus sampling ad regulam exogenorum compositorum et specifica contaminantium cognoscendi.
Omnes modi fiebant secundum normas et normas pertinentes.Temperatura omnium zonarum quinque sampling ad 25°C moderata est.
Quinque locis electus in umbraticis Aeris sampling: Missam spectrometry instrumentation laboratorium, chirurgicam ambulatorium, operating locus, iudicium area, endoscopic iudicium area et orci studium locus.Quilibet regione electi quia nostrae investigationis quadrigis saepe utitur ad conscribere participantium ad spiritus analysis.
Tum tubulae galeros aeneis obsignabantur ad transportandum ad officinam spectrometriae missae.Specimina sub tectis aere sumuntur vicissim singulis locis cotidie a 9:00 ad 11:00 et iterum a 15:00 ad 17:00.
Spiritus exempla colligi singula subiecta umbraticis caeli sampling. Процесс отбора проб соответistoили сооколоствился птответствии с протокололом, Одобреным управлением медицинских исследовани n n n n - ло Ндон - комитет по этике исследований Camden & Kings Cross (Ссылка XIV / lo lo / MCXXXVI). In researcher dedit certiorem scriptum consensu.Ad ordinationem proposita, investigatores cum media nocte proxima nocte comederunt vel biberunt.Manens in hac positione per saltem 10 minutas, scrutator exhalat in sacculum sample in normali respiratione quietum.Post impletionem ad maximum volumen, sacculus cum pluto clystere clauditur.Exempla in duplicata denuo collecta sunt ad variabilitatem sampling minimize.Sterne colliguntur solum mane.
Omnes exemplaria sunt resolvitur in XLVIII horas collectio per GC-tof-MS.TD Tube erat initio preflused ad I minute ad fluxus rate of L ml / min.Initial desorption was carried out at 250°C for 5 minutes with a helium flow of 50 ml/min to desorb VOCs onto a cold trap (Material Emissions, Markes International, Llantrisant, UK) in a split mode (1:10) at 25 °C.Et columnae erat Mega cera-HT columnae (XX m × 0.18 mm × 0.18 μm, chromalytic, Hampshire, USA).In columna influere rate est set ad 0.7 ml / min.In clibano temperatus erat primus set ad XXXV ° C. 1.9 minuta, deinde ad CCXL ° C. (XX ° C./min, tenens II minutes).Et MS transmissionem linea est tenetur ad CCLX ° C et Ion Source (LXX EV Electron impulsum), cum CCLX ° c.Et MS Analyzer erat posuit ad recordum a XXX ad DXCVII m / s.Desorption in a frigus captionem (non TD fistulam) et desorption in conditionata td fistula fiebant ad principium et finem cuiusque asay currere ut non esset carryover effectus.Eadem blank analysis fiebat immediate et statim post desorption spiritus exempla ut ad exempla esse resolvitur continue sine adjusting TD.
Post visual inspectionem chromatograms, rudis notitia files sunt resolvitur per Chomspace® (SEPSIKE LTD).Composita de interest sunt identified a repraesentativa spiritus et locus aeris exempla.Annotation fundatur in Voc Missam spectro et retention index usura nist MMXVII massa spectrum bibliotheca. Retention indices were calculated by analysing an alkane mixture (nC8-nC40, 500 μg/mL in dichloromethane, Merck, USA) 1 μL spiked onto three conditioned TD tubes via a calibration solution loading rig and analysed under the same TD-GC–MS conditions et ex indice composito rudi, eae tantum cum pare reverso > 800 analysi conservatae sunt. Retention indices sunt ratione ab analyzing an alkane mixtisque (NC8-NC40, D μg / ml in dichloromethane, Merck, USA) I μl td solutio Loading Loading Rig et resolvitur in eodem TD-MS MS Et a rudis compositis album, tantum illis cum vicissim par elementum> DCCC sunt tenentur ad analysis.Retention indices sunt calculata ab Analyzing I μl of a mixtisque Alkanes (NC4, NC40, D μg / ml in dichloromethane, Merck, USA usura calibration solution loading unitas et resolvitur sub eodem TD, GC-MS conditions.и из исходного Списка соединеного для анализа были оставлены только соединения с коэфициентм Обратного Совпадния> DCCC. et ex archetypo compositorum tantum compositorum cum coëfficiente inpar> 800 pro analysi conservata sunt.通过分析烷烃混合物（nC8-nC40，500 μg/mL 在二氯甲烷中，Merck，USA）计算保留指数，通过校准溶液加载装置将1 μL 加标到三个调节过的TD 管上，并在相同的 TD, GC-MS 条件 下 进行 分析 并且 从 原始化 列表 中 中, 仅 保留 反向 匹配> DCCC 的 化合物 进行 分析.通过 分析 烷烃 ((NC8, NC40,500 μg / ml 在 中, Merck, USA) 保留 指数 到 调节 过 在 的 到 到 在 在 在 在 并 到 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 过 在 的 在 到 在 三在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 的 化合物 在 在 在 在 在 的 化合物 进行 进行 在 在 的 的 化合物 化合物 在 在 在Retention indices sunt ratione ab analyzing mixturam alkanes (NC4-NC40, D μg / ml in Dichloromethane, Merck, USA), I μl est additum est in solutione et addidit. Per idem TD-GC-MS conditionibus et ex originali compositis album, tantum componit cum inverso fit factor> DCCC retinuit ad analysis.Oxygeni, Argon, Carbon Dioxide et Siloxanes etiam remota sunt. Denique, si componit cum signum ad sonum ratio <III et etiam excluduntur. Denique, si componit cum signum ad sonum ratio <III et etiam excluduntur. аконец, любые соединения с отношением сигнал/шум<3 также ли исключены. Denique quaevis composita ratione cum signo ad sonum <3 excluduntur.< 3< 3 аконец, любые соединения с отношением сигнал/шум<3 также ли исключены. Denique quaevis composita ratione cum signo ad sonum <3 excluduntur.
Integrated pila sunt primum iniuriarum, transformed et deinde normalized usura totalis area ordinationem.Exempla cum repetita mensuras et involutus ad medium valorem.Quod "Ropls" et "Mixomics" packages sunt ad partum unsupervised PCA exempla et praepositi pls da exempla.PCA concedit vos ad identify IX sample outliers.Prima Spiritus Sample est grouped in cubiculo caeli sample et ideo considerari vacua tubus propter sampling errorem.Reliquae VIII exempla sunt cubiculum aeris exempla quibus 1,1'-Biphenyl, III, Methyl.Locum separationis fuit probata in PCA per Permanova a vegan sarcina.Permanova concedit vos ad identify division of coetibus secundum Centroids.Hoc modo est in similes metabolomic studies39,40,41.Ropls sarcina est ad aestimare significationem de pls-da exempla monstrabit per temere septem-complicare crucem-validation et CMXCIX Permutations. 具有 可变 重要性 投影 (VIP) 分数> I 为 此, 对 所有 位置 的 voc 配置 配置 进行 了 相互 测试, 如果 VIP> I 的 voc 在 模型 中 始终 并 归因 同 一 位置 显着 并 归因 视为 特定 位置 位置 并 归因 于 于 同 于 Comparatio spiritus et umbraticis aere exempla ferri ex modo pro exempla sumpta mane, quia non spiritus exempla sunt in post meridiem.Et Wilcoxon test est usus ad univariate analysis, et falsum inventa rate est ratione usus Benjamini, Hoochberg disciplinam.
Et datasets generatae et resolvitur in current studium sunt available a respective auctores super rationabile petitionem.
Omanus, A. et al.Humanum Volatile: Volatile Organic Composita (Vocs) in aere aere, cutis secretiones, urina, stercore et saliva.J. Spiritus Res.VIII (III), (XXXIV) I (MMXIV).
Belluomo, I. et al.Selective Ion current Tube Missam spectrometrica pro targeted analysis de volatile organicum componit in humana spiritus.National protocol.XVI (VII), 3419-3438 (MMXXI).
Hanna, GB, Boshier, PR, Markar, SR & Romano, A. accurate et methodologic challenges de volatile organicum compositis, secundum exhalata spiritum probat pro cancer diagnosi. Hanna, GB, Boshier, PR, Markar, SR & Romano, A. accurate et methodological challenges of volatile organicum compositis, secundum exhalata spiritum probat pro cancer diagnosi.Khanna, GB, Boshire, PR, Markar, SR.Et Romano, A. accurate et methodological exitibus de volatile organicum compositis, secundum exhaurit aer probat pro cancer diagnosi. Hanna, GB, Boshier, PR, Markar, SR & Romano, A. 基于 挥发性 有机化 合物 呼出气 测试 在 癌症 中 的 准确性 测试 挑战 诊断 诊断 中 和 方法学 挑战 挑战 诊断 诊断 诊断 诊断 癌症 Hanna, GB, Boshier, PR, Markar, SR & Romano, A. accurate et methodological challenges in cancer diagnosis secundum volatile organicum componit.Khanna, GB, Boshire, PR, Markar, SR.Et Romano, A. accurate et methodological exitibus de volatile organicum compositis tending in cancer diagnosis.Jama Oncol.V (I), E182815 (MMXIX).
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Post tempus: Sep, 28-2022